Windows Azure and Cloud Computing Posts for 11/29/2010+
 | A compendium of Windows Azure, Windows Azure Platform Appliance, SQL Azure Database, AppFabric and other cloud-computing articles. |
Note: This post is updated daily or more frequently, depending on the availability of new articles in the following sections:
- Azure Blob, Drive, Table and Queue Services
- SQL Azure Database and Reporting
- Marketplace DataMarket and OData
- Windows Azure AppFabric: Access Control and Service Bus
- Windows Azure Virtual Network, Connect, and CDN
- Live Windows Azure Apps, APIs, Tools and Test Harnesses
- Visual Studio LightSwitch
- Windows Azure Infrastructure
- Windows Azure Platform Appliance (WAPA) and Hyper-V Cloud
- Cloud Security and Governance
- Cloud Computing Events
- Other Cloud Computing Platforms and Services
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Read the detailed TOC here (PDF) and download the sample code here.
Discuss the book on its WROX P2P Forum.
See a short-form TOC, get links to live Azure sample projects, and read a detailed TOC of electronic-only chapters 12 and 13 here.
Wrox’s Web site manager posted on 9/29/2009 a lengthy excerpt from Chapter 4, “Scaling Azure Table and Blob Storage” here.
You can now freely download by FTP and save the following two online-only PDF chapters of Cloud Computing with the Windows Azure Platform, which have been updated for SQL Azure’s January 4, 2010 commercial release:
- Chapter 12: “Managing SQL Azure Accounts and Databases”
- Chapter 13: “Exploiting SQL Azure Database's Relational Features”
HTTP downloads of the two chapters are available for download at no charge from the book's Code Download page.
Tip: If you encounter articles from MSDN or TechNet blogs that are missing screen shots or other images, click the empty frame to generate an HTTP 404 (Not Found) error, and then click the back button to load the image.
Azure Blob, Drive, Table and Queue Services
Rinat Abdullin explained how to solve problems with Windows Azure, SQLite and Temp [File Size] in this 11/29/2010 post:
If you are using Cloud Computing environment, be prepared for certain constraints to show up on your way. They can be quite subtle. Here's one.
I'm using SQLite + ProtoBuf + GZip for persisting large datasets in Azure Blobs. This combination (even without GZip) can handle 10-50GB datasets in a single file without much overhead and with a decent flexibility. Of course, there are certain constraints (mostly related to classical scalability issues), however for the command-side of CQRS, non[e] of these apply. Resulting data processing throughput is massively superior to SQL Azure or Azure Table Storage, while costs are negligible.
I really enjoy this combination of technologies. One of the advantages is that everything is open source and I don't need to bother about writing B-tree indexes or de-fragmentation routines for my data structures. However, there was a problem spoiling all the fun. It showed up frequently in the production environment, while I was trying to VACUUM SQLite database (essentially cleaning up and defragmenting everything):
Database or disk is full
This one was driving me a bit crazy, since more than 500GB of disk storage were allocated as Local Resources to the worker roles. As it turns out, this was caused by the interplay of the following things:
- SQLite uses temporary files to perform certain operations (VACUUM is one of them).
- SQLite, being cross-platform in nature, relies on the OS to provide temp files location.
- On Windows Azure both TEMP and TMP point to a single directory that has a maximum size of 100 MB.
Such directory structure makes sense since (just my wild guess based on what I know about Hyper-V and how I would've implemented Windows Azure VMs in the first place), since we want to have fixed VM image (with a footprint shared between multiple instances) followed up by a small differential VHD and a larger local resource VHD, should customer request it.
Solution is to define Local Resource and redirect environment variables there:
var tempPath = RoleEnvironment.GetLocalResource("Temp").RootPath;
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("TEMP", tempPath);
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("TMP", tempPath);The other option for SQLite would've been to use pragma:
PRAGMA temp_store_directory = 'directory-name';
I'm using SQLite + ProtoBuf + GZip for persisting large datasets in Azure Blobs. This combination (even without GZip) can handle 10-50GB datasets in a single file without much overhead and with a decent flexibility. Of course, there are certain constraints (mostly related to classical scalability issues), however for the command-side of CQRS, non[e] of these apply. Resulting data processing throughput is massively superior to SQL Azure or Azure Table Storage, while costs are negligible.James Hamilton addressed Availability in Globally Distributed Storage Systems in this 11/29/2010 post:
I love high-scale systems and, more than anything, I love data from real systems. I’ve learned over the years that no environment is crueler, less forgiving, or harder to satisfy than real production workloads. Synthetic tests at scale are instructive but nothing catches my attention like data from real, high-scale, production systems. Consequently, I really liked the disk population studies from Google and CMU at FAST2007 (Failure Trends in a Large Disk Population, Disk Failures in the Real World: What does a MTBF of 100,000 hours mean to you). These two papers presented actual results from independent production disk populations of 100,000 each. My quick summary of these 2 papers is basically “all you have learned about disks so far is probably wrong.”
Disk failures are often the #1 or #2 failing component in a storage system usually just ahead of memory. Occasionally fan failures lead disk but that isn’t the common case. We now have publically available data on disk failures but not much has been published on other component failure rates and even less on the overall storage stack failure rates. Cloud storage systems are multi-tiered, distributed systems involving 100s to even 10s of thousands of servers and huge quantities of software. Modeling the failure rates of discrete components in the stack is difficult but, with the large amount of component failure data available to large fleet operators, it can be done. What’s much more difficult to model are correlated failures.
Essentially, there are two challenges encountered when attempting to model overall storage system reliability: 1) availability of component failure data and 2) correlated failures. The former is available to very large fleet owners but is often unavailable publically. Two notable exceptions are disk reliability data from the two FAST’07 conference papers mentioned above. Other than these two data points, there is little credible component failure data publically available. Admittedly, component manufacturers do publish MTBF data but these data are often owned by the marketing rather than engineering teams and they range between optimistic and epic works of fiction. [Emphasis added.]
Even with good quality component failure data, modeling storage system failure modes and data durability remains incredibly difficult. What makes this hard is the second issue above: correlated failure. Failures don’t always happen alone, many are correlated, and certain types of rare failures can take down the entire fleet or large parts of it. Just about every model assumes failure independence and then works out data durability to many decimal points. It makes for impressive models with long strings of nines but the challenge is the model is only as good as the input. And one of the most important model inputs is the assumption of component failure independence which is violated by every real-world system of any complexity. Basically, these failure models are good at telling you when your design is not good enough but they can never tell you how good your design actually is nor whether it is good enough.
Where the models break down is in modeling rare events and non-independent failures. The best way to understand common correlated failure modes is to study storage systems at scale over longer periods of time. This won’t help us understand the impact of very rare events. For example, Two thousand years of history would not helped us model or predict that a airplane would be flown into the World Trade Center. And certainly the odds of it happening again 16 min and 20 seconds later would be close to impossible. Studying historical storage system failure data will not help us understand the potential negative impact of very rare black swan events but it does help greatly in understanding the more common failure modes including correlated or non-independent failures.
Murray Stokely recently sent me Availability in Globally Distributed Storage Systems which is the work of a team from Google and Columbia University. They look at a high scale storage system at Google that includes multiple clusters of Bigtable which is layered over GFS which is implemented as a user–mode application over Linux file system. You might remember Stokely from my Using a post I did back in March titled Using a Market Economy. In this more recent paper, the authors study 10s of Google storage cells each of which is comprised of between 1,000 and 7,000 servers over a 1 year period. The storage cells studied are from multiple datacenters in different regions being used by different projects within Google.
I like the paper because it is full of data on a high-scale production system and it reinforces many key distributed storage system design lessons including:
Replicating data across multiple datacenters greatly improves availability because it protects against correlated failures.
- Conclusion: Two way redundancy in two different datacenters is considerably more durable than 4 way redundancy in a single datacenter.
Correlation among node failures dwarfs all other contributions to unavailability in production environments.
Disk failures can result in permanent data loss but transitory node failures account for the majority of unavailability.
To read more: http://research.google.com/pubs/pub36737.html
The abstract of the paper:
Highly available cloud storage is often implemented with complex, multi-tiered distributed systems built on top of clusters of commodity servers and disk drives. Sophisticated management, load balancing and recovery techniques are needed to achieve high performance and availability amidst an abundance of failure sources that include software, hardware, network connectivity, and power issues. While there is a relative wealth of failure studies of individual components of storage systems, such as disk drives, relatively little has been reported so far on the overall availability behavior of large cloud-based storage services. We characterize the availability properties of cloud storage systems based on an extensive one year study of Google's main storage infrastructure and present statistical models that enable further insight into the impact of multiple design choices, such as data placement and replication strategies. With these models we compare data availability under a variety of system parameters given the real patterns of failures observed in our fleet.
I love high-scale systems and, more than anything, I love data from real systems. I’ve learned over the years that no environment is crueler, less forgiving, or harder to satisfy than real production workloads. Synthetic tests at scale are instructive but nothing catches my attention like data from real, high-scale, production systems. Consequently, I really liked the disk population studies from Google and CMU at <Return to section navigation list>
SQL Azure Database and Reporting
Steve Yi (pictured below) reported the availability of Real World SQL Azure: Interview with Vittorio Polizzi, Chief Technology Officer at EdisonWeb on 111/29/2010:
As part of the Real World SQL Azure series, we talked to Vittorio Polizzi, Chief Technology Officer at EdisonWeb, about using Microsoft SQL Azure to host his company’s Web Signage application, which manages content for digital signs in retail stores and other venues. Here’s what he had to say:
MSDN: Can you tell us about EdisonWeb and the services you offer?
Polizzi: EdisonWeb is an Italian developer of cutting-edge technologies and advanced web-based solutions for commercial and government customers. Our flagship product is Web Signage, a software platform for creating and managing content for digital signage applications and proximity marketing campaigns. Using Web Signage, our customers can manage interactive and non-interactive digital signs, broadcast audio clips to in-store radios, and send Bluetooth messages.
MSDN: What prompted you to look into Microsoft SQL Azure and Windows Azure?
Polizzi: Customers deploy the Web Signage player software on their PCs and use it to play content created and distributed with the Web Signage platform. They access the Web Signage server application over the web from servers hosted by a local telco. This meant that we needed to identify at least one appropriate data center in each country where we want to offer our service. This made it difficult for us to grow outside Italy.
We also found that managing database servers in a data center environment involved higher costs when compared to Windows Azure and SQL Azure, because of the staff needed. With Windows Azure and SQL Azure, our customers are able to change their number of active licenses on a monthly basis, and the pay-per-use pricing model closely fits our business trends.
MSDN: How is EdisonWeb using SQL Azure and Windows Azure to help address these challenges?
Polizzi: We decided we wanted to move the entire application to the cloud and selected the Windows Azure platform. For customers that select a cloud deployment model, we use Windows Azure Blob Storage to store multimedia content, and the Windows Azure Content Delivery Network to cache that content at data centers around the globe. We use SQL Azure to store sign content metadata, configuration and statistical information, user credentials, and part of the application’s business logic.
Soon, we also want to use Windows Azure AppFabric, specifically the AppFabric Service Bus, to enable customers to link their applications to Web Signage. We also plan to use Windows Azure Marketplace DataMarket so customers can combine Web Signage with other data sources for greater effectiveness.
MSDN: So, what are the chief benefits of making SQL Azure and Windows Azure a deployment option for Web Signage?
Polizzi: We can significantly reduce our costs, easily expand outside Italy, and give customers more flexibility and lower costs. If we can get rid of most of our database servers, we can save nearly U.S.$30,000 a year in server, software, and maintenance costs. Plus, when customers change player licenses, we can scale the related Windows Azure instances up or down, reducing our outflow to match income.
Also, it’s far easier for us to deliver our service globally; we just choose the Microsoft data center closest to each customer. We can offer our service anywhere and deliver them tomorrow. Customers only pay for the services they use, and enjoy higher levels of service availability.
MSDN: What’s next for EdisonWeb?
Polizzi: We are always working on better, groundbreaking services. Microsoft is working hard to make Windows Azure and SQL Azure even more powerful, and we see new features coming. We enjoy this faster pace of innovation, which helps us deliver new features more rapidly. Also, with Microsoft managing our database infrastructure, our staff can focus on our core business: developing great software and providing the best customer support.
Read the full story at:
http://www.microsoft.com/casestudies/Case_Study_Detail.aspx?CaseStudyID=4000008727To read more SQL Azure customer success stories, visit:
www.SQLAzure.com
As part of the Real World SQL Azure series, we talked to Vittorio Polizzi, Chief Technology Officer at 
Polizzi: EdisonWeb is an Italian developer of cutting-edge technologies and advanced web-based solutions for commercial and government customers. Our flagship product is <Return to section navigation list>
Dataplace DataMarket and OData
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Windows Azure AppFabric: Access Control and Service Bus
Mark Wilson explained Azure AppFabric’s role in easyJet’s journey into the clouds on 11/23/2010:
Last month, I spent some time at Microsoft’s Partner Business Briefing on Transitioning to the Cloud (#pbbcloud). To be honest, the Microsoft presentations were pretty dull, the highlight being the sharp glances from Steve Ballmer as he saw me working on my iPad (which led to some interesting comments in a technical session a short while later) but there was one session that grabbed my attention – one where easyJet‘s Bert Craven, an IT architect with the airline, spoke about how cloud computing has changed easyJet’s “real world” IT strategy.
For those who are reading this from outside Europe, easyJet was one of the original UK-based budget airlines and they have grown to become a highly successful operation. Personally, I don’t fly with them if I can help it (I often find scheduled airlines are competitive, and have higher standards of customer service), but that’s not to say I don’t admire their lean operations – especially when you learn that they run their IT on a budget that equates to 0.75% of their revenue (compared with an average of just over 4%, based on Gartner’s IT Key Metrics).
Bert Craven quipped that, with a budget airline, you might be forgiven for thinking the IT department consists of one guy with a laptop in orange shed, by an airfield, operating a shoestring budget but it’s actually 65 people in a very big orange hangar, by a big runway…
Seriously though, operating a £3billion Internet-driven business on an IT budget which is so much smaller than the norm shows that the company’s reputation for leanness is well-deserved. To deliver enterprise-scale IT with this approach requires focus – a focus on differentiation – i.e. those systems that drive competitive advantage or which define the business. In order to achieve this, easyJet has taken commodity systems and pushed them “out of the door” – buying as-a-service products with demanding service level agreements (SLAs) from selected business partners.
Until 2007, easyJet was growing at 20% p.a. (the company is still experiencing rapid growth today, but not quite at the same level) – and that high level of growth makes it difficult to scale. There’s also a focus on meeting the SLAs that the business demands: easyJet are immensely proud that their easyJet.com availability chart is so dull, showing a constant 100% for several years; and if their flight control systems were unavailable for more than four hours, the entire fleet would be grounded (which is why these systems are never “down”).
So easyJet classified their IT systems into three tiers:
- Commodity: operating system; security; backup; e-mail; access methods; file and print.
- Airline systems: engineering; crew rostering; finance; personnel; flight planning; schedule planning; baggage handling; payroll; slot management; payment systems.
- easyJet Systems (those differentiators that drive competitive advantage): reservation system; revenue management; departure control; crew systems; aircraft systems.
The three tiers of classification are used to drive SLAs of silver (99.9% availability), gold (99.99% availability) and platinum (100% availability), mapped onto the IT architecture such that platinum services operate as a high availability configuration across two sites, gold services can fail over between sites if required, and silver services are provided only from easyJet’s primary site.
Alongside this, easyJet has a 5 point IT strategy that’s designed to be simple and cost-effective:
- Use simple, standard, solutions by default.
- Promote innovate use of mainstream technology.
- Use Microsoft technology for the technical platform.
- Provide scalable systems that never restrict the growth of the business.
- Provide 100% up-time for business critical systems.
In order to take account the disruption from the adoption of cloud computing technologies, easyJet adapted their strategy:
- Use simple, standard, solutions by default: place services in the cloud only when to do so simplifies the solution.
- Promote innovate use of mainstream technology: continually test the market to measure capabilities and penetration of cloud technology (as it becomes more mainstream, it’s better suited to easyJet’s innovation).
- Use Microsoft technology for the technical platform: Windows Azure will be the natural choice, but look at alternatives too.
- Provide scalable systems that never restrict the growth of the business: look for areas where cloud will improve the scalability of systems.
- Provide 100% up-time for business critical systems: wait for cloud computing to mature before committing to high availability usage (no platinum apps in cloud).
Naturally, easyJet started their journey into cloud computing with commodity computing systems (buying in compute and storage capabilities as a service, outsourcing email to a platform as a service offering, etc.) before they started to push up through the stack to look at airline systems. They thought that silver and gold services would be offered from the cloud within the architecture but Windows Azure turned out to be more disruptive than they anticipated (in a good way…).
With many commodity and airline systems now cloud-hosted, easyJet’s IT systems are able to cope with the company’s rapid growth. But their departure control system (a platinum service) in 4 airports now has been running on Windows Azure since January 2010 and the easyjet.com sales channel has also been extended into the cloud, so that it may be offered more broadly in innovative ways (or as Bert put it, “when you suddenly expose your sales channel to Facebook, you need to know you can handle Facebook!”). Now easyJet’s high-level architecture has platinum systems crossing primary and secondary sites, as well as the cloud – something that they originally said they wouldn’t do.
Bert Craven explained the crucial point that easyJet missed in their strategy was an aspect that’s often understated: integration as a service. easyJet believe that the potential of the cloud as an integration platform is huge and they use Windows Azure AppFabric (formerly known as BizTalk Internet Services, then as Microsoft .NET Services).
With a traditional secure service in a data centre, consumers are allowed to punch through the firewall on a given port then, after successfully negotiating security, they can consume the service. AppFabric turns this model inside out, taking the security context and platform into the cloud. With AppFabric, the service makes an outbound connection through the firewall (security departments like outbound connections) and consumers can locate services and connect in a secure manner within the cloud. AppFabric is not just for web service endpoints either: it can do anything from send a tweet to streaming live video; and endpoints are getting smarter too with rich integration functionality (message routing, store and forward, etc.)
easyJet see AppFabric as a game changer because it’s made them ask different questions:
- Instead of “is a new service we’re building a cloud service or an on-premise service?”, the question becomes “might this service have some cloud endpoints and components – is this in fact a hybrid service?”
- “Could we migrate an existing service to the cloud?” becomes “could we extend an existing service into the cloud?”
Bert Craven believes that AppFabric is the ace in the pack of Windows Azure technologies because it’s a small step to take an existing service and expose some endpoints in the cloud (easy to swallow). It’s also more of an enabler than a disruptor, so AppFabric is quite rightly perceived as lower risk (and almost certainly lower cost). Extending a service is a completely different proposition to move entire chunks of compute and storage capabilities to cloud. Consequently there is a different value proposition, making use of existing assets (which means it’s easier to prove a return on investment – delivering more value with a greater return on existing investments by extending them quickly becomes very attractive) – and an IT architect’s job is to create maximum business value from existing investments.
AppFabric offers rich functionality – it’s not just a cheap shortcut to opening firewall and has a rich seam of baked-in integration functionality and, ultimately, it has accelerated easyJet’s acceptance of cloud computing. 18 months ago, Craven describes sharp intakes of breath when talking of running departure control in the cloud, but now that a few airports have been running that way for 10 months, it’s widely accepted that all departure control systems will transition to the cloud.
Bert Craven sees AppFabric as a unifying paradigm – with Windows Azure AppFabric in the cloud and Windows Server AppFabric on-premise (and it gets stronger when looking at some other Microsoft technologies, like the Project Sydney virtual private network and identity federation developments – providing a continuous and unified existence with zero friction as services move from on-premise to cloud and back again as required).
In summing up, Bert Craven described AppFabric as a gateway technology – enabling business models that were simply not possible previously, opening a range of possibilities. Now, when easyJet thinks about value propositions of cloud and cloud solutions, equal thought is given to the cloud as an integration platform, offering a huge amount of value, at relatively low cost and risk.
Last month, I spent some time at Microsoft’s Partner Business Briefing on Transitioning to the Cloud (#pbbcloud). To be honest, the Microsoft presentations were pretty dull, the highlight being the sharp glances from Steve Ballmer as he saw me working on my iPad (which led to 
For those who are reading this from outside Europe, easyJet was one of the original UK-based budget airlines and they have grown to become a highly successful operation. Personally, I don’t fly with them if I can help it (I often find scheduled airlines are competitive, and have higher standards of customer service), but that’s not to say I don’t admire their lean operations – especially when you learn that they run their IT on a budget that equates to 0.75% of their revenue (compared with an average of just over 4%, based on Gartner’s IT Key Metrics).
With a traditional secure service in a data centre, consumers are allowed to punch through the firewall on a given port then, after successfully negotiating security, they can consume the service. AppFabric turns this model inside out, taking the security context and platform into the cloud. With AppFabric, the service makes an outbound connection through the firewall (security departments like outbound connections) and consumers can locate services and connect in a secure manner within the cloud. AppFabric is not just for web service endpoints either: it can do anything from send a tweet to streaming live video; and endpoints are getting smarter too with rich integration functionality (message routing, store and forward, etc.)Yefim V. Natis, David Mitchell Smith and David W. Cearley wrote Windows Azure AppFabric: A Strategic Core of Microsoft's Cloud Platform on 11/15/2010 as Gartner RAS Core Research Note G00208835 (missed when full-text version posted):
Continuing strategic investment in Windows Azure is moving Microsoft toward a leadership position in the cloud platform market, but success is not assured until user adoption confirms the company's vision and its ability to execute in this new environment.
Overview
Microsoft continues to make strategic investments in product development and marketing, and in financial commitments to achieve leadership in cloud computing. Leadership in cloud computing has become a companywide priority at Microsoft, as leadership in Web computing had been a top priority for the company in the 1990s.
Microsoft intends to be a key player in all three layers of cloud software architecture: system infrastructure services, application infrastructure services and application services, and to apply its technology to private and public cloud projects.
The Windows Azure AppFabric has emerged as the core application platform technology in Microsoft's cloud-computing vision.
Various project teams at Microsoft are contributing to the company's evolving cloud-computing technology and vision. These teams are not always synchronized to deliver coordinated product road maps, which can create confusion in the market about the company's overriding strategy.
Microsoft technology users interested in cloud computing can anticipate that the company will deliver in the next two to three years a competitive cloud platform technology. However, the early offerings are incomplete and unproven. Users planning to use Microsoft cloud computing in 2011 should be prepared for ongoing changes in underlying technologies, and some advanced programming effort to build a scalable multitenant application.
IT planners considering cloud-computing projects should include Microsoft on their candidate long lists, with the understanding that in the short term the Microsoft cloud platform technology is still "under construction."
Table of Contents
- Analysis
- AppFabric Container
- AppFabric Services
- Service Bus
- Access Control
- Caching
- Integration
- Windows Azure AppFabric Composition Model and Composite App Service
- Other Services
- Windows Azure Marketplace
- Influence on Other Microsoft Projects
- Microsoft Software as a Service (Dynamics)
- BizTalk Server
- More Work Is Still Ahead
- User Advice
List of Figures
Figure 1. Microsoft's Windows Azure AppFabric Architecture Plan
Analysis
Windows AppFabric was announced in 2009 as two independent technology stacks — one delivered with Windows Server 2008 for use on-premises and the other as part of Windows Azure. The long-term intent was to unify the two sides of the offering despite their initial isolation. This plan was part of the strategic vision of a hybrid computing environment where applications are distributed between on-premises and public cloud data centers. To that end, earlier in 2010, Microsoft announced its Windows Azure platform appliance offering — a cloud-enabled technology available to partners and some IT organizations to establish a Windows Azure cloud service environment outside of Microsoft data centers (as of this publication date, none of these is yet in operation, although several partners are in the process of deploying it).
At its PDC10 conference, Microsoft unveiled the next generation of technologies that will become part of Windows Azure over the next 12 months. In this updated vision, Windows Azure AppFabric becomes a centerpiece of the Microsoft cloud strategy, delivering advanced forms for multitenancy in its new AppFabric Container, integration as a service, business process management as a service and other core middleware services. Windows Azure AppFabric (see Figure 1), together with SQL Azure and the Windows Azure OS form the core Microsoft cloud offering — the Windows Azure Platform.
Figure 1. Microsoft's Windows Azure AppFabric Architecture Plan
Source: Microsoft (October 2010)
Continuing strategic investment in Windows Azure is moving Microsoft toward a leadership position in the cloud platform market, but success is not assured until user adoption confirms the company's vision and its ability to execute in this new environment.Read more of the full text Research Note.
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Windows Azure Virtual Network, Connect, and CDN
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Live Windows Azure Apps, APIs, Tools and Test Harnesses
The Windows Azure Team released Windows Azure SDK Windows Azure Tools for Microsoft Visual Studio (November 2010) [v1.3.11122.0038] to the Web on 11/29/2010:
Overview
Windows Azure™ is a cloud services operating system that serves as the development, service hosting and service management environment for the Windows Azure platform. Windows Azure provides developers with on-demand compute and storage to host, scale, and manage web applications on the internet through Microsoft® datacenters.
Windows Azure is a flexible platform that supports multiple languages and integrates with your existing on-premises environment. To build applications and services on Windows Azure, developers can use their existing Microsoft Visual Studio® expertise. In addition, Windows Azure supports popular standards, protocols and languages including SOAP, REST, XML, Java, PHP and Ruby. Windows Azure is now commercially available in 41 countries.
Windows Azure Tools for Microsoft Visual Studio extend Visual Studio 2010 to enable the creation, configuration, building, debugging, running, packaging and deployment of scalable web applications and services on Windows Azure.
New for version 1.3:
Windows Azure Tools for Microsoft Visual Studio also includes:
- Virtual Machine (VM) Role (Beta):Allows you to create a custom VHD image using Windows Server 2008 R2 and host it in the cloud.
- Remote Desktop Access: Enables connecting to individual service instances using a Remote Desktop client.
- Full IIS Support in a Web role: Enables hosting Windows Azure web roles in a IIS hosting environment.
- Elevated Privileges: Enables performing tasks with elevated privileges within a service instance.
- Virtual Network (CTP): Enables support for Windows Azure Connect, which provides IP-level connectivity between on-premises and Windows Azure resources.
- Diagnostics: Enhancements to Windows Azure Diagnostics enable collection of diagnostics data in more error conditions.
- Networking Enhancements: Enables roles to restrict inter-role traffic, fixed ports on InputEndpoints.
- Performance Improvement: Significant performance improvement local machine deployment.
- C# and VB Project creation support for creating a Windows Azure Cloud application solution with multiple roles.
- Tools to add and remove roles from the Windows Azure application.
- Tools to configure each role.
- Integrated local development via the compute emulator and storage emulator services.
- Running and Debugging a Cloud Service in the Development Fabric.
- Browsing cloud storage through the Server Explorer.
- Building and packaging of Windows Azure application projects.
- Deploying to Windows Azure.
- Monitoring the state of your services through the Server Explorer.
- Debugging in the cloud by retrieving IntelliTrace logs through the Server Explorer.
Download and enjoy!
Gaurav Mantri posted Announcing the launch of Azure Management Cmdlets, a collection of Windows PowerShell Cmdlets for Windows Azure Management on 11/29/2010:
Today I am pleased to announce that our Azure Management Cmdlets product is now LIVE. It has been in beta for last 3 months or so.
What’s Azure Management Cmdlets:
Azure Management Cmdlets is a set of Windows PowerShell Cmdlets for complete Windows Azure management. It consists of close to 100 cmdlets to manage your Azure Storage (Tables, Blobs and Queues), Hosted Services (Deployment, Storage Services, Affinity Groups and Guest OS), Diagnostics, and SQL Azure (Copy, Backup etc.). It also includes cmdlets to back up your storage account data (tables & blobs) on your local computer and restore storage account data from the backups. It supports full, partial and incremental backups.Following is the list of cmdlets available in Azure Management Cmdlets. You can read details about these cmdlets by visiting product details page at http://www.cerebrata.com/Products/AzureManagementCmdlets/Details.aspx:
What do you need to use Azure Management Cmdlets:
Azure Management Cmdlets are built using .Net 4.0. You would need a computer with .Net 4.0 installed. Since these are PowerShell cmdlets, you would need to have PowerShell installed on your computer as well. Other than that you would need access to Windows Azure Storage (Storage Account Name & Key) and Windows Azure Hosted Services (Subscription Id & API Certificates). If you’re using these cmdlets to access local development storage, then you would need to have Azure SDK installed on the computer.Version/Pricing:
Basically Azure Management Cmdlets comes in two flavors: Professional & a free 30 day trial. Following table summarizes the difference between these versions:
Currently you can purchase a license for Azure Management Cmdlets for $69.99 (USD). We’re offering a 10% discount to existing + new Cloud Storage Studio and/or Azure Diagnostics Manager customers (paid and/or complimentary). We also have a volume discount offer as well. Following table summarizes the pricing for Azure Management Cmdlets:
Full disclosure: I have free use of Cerebrata’s Cloud Storage Studio and Azure Diagnostics Manager products.
Alon Fliess announced a forthcoming Cloudoscope™ - the first Cloud Cost Profiler™ for Widows Azure on 11/28/2010:
As you probably know, we have established a new company, and as we said, we aimed to deliver cutting edge products and services to the developers' community.
I am proud to announce our vision, methodology and tools that help you developing applications wisely in the era of cloud.
There are many reasons to move to the cloud, for example, this is taken from the Windows Azure site:
"Efficiency: Windows Azure improves productivity and increases operational efficiency by lowering up-front capital costs. Customers and partners can realize a reduction in Total Cost of Operations of some workloads by up to 30 – 40% over a 3 year period. The consumption based pricing, packages and discounts for partners lower the barrier to entry for cloud services adoption and ensure a predictable IT spend. See Windows Azure pricing."
Can you really predict your Total Cost of Operations? What affects this cost? Is the architect's and developers' work a factor in this cost?
Think about your electricity bill. Suppose you want to reduce the Total Cost of Operation of your house. How do you know which electrical equipment cost you more? You need to measure the specific equipment and compare the resulting price with the value it provides you.
The same idea works with your code in the cloud. You need to measure the business request price. Moreover, you need to know the cost of a function, so you will be able to cost-optimize your code.
Cloudoscope™ is a suit of profiling and optimization tools for use by developers, who wish to build or port an application to the cloud. The first release of the product targets the Windows Azure platform and the .NET framework.
Cloudoscope™ - cut the total cost of ownership of cloud based applications.
Cloudoscope™ is developed by CloudValue™, which is a newly established subsidiary of CodeValue™.
Cloudoscope™ main features:
- Provide correlation between code and cost
- Cut total cost of ownership and save money
- Show the cost of each function and relevant line of code
- Show the cost of business requests
- Show cost improvement or degradation after a code change
- Provide optimization advices
- Provide guidance to Cost Oriented Development™
- Help trading service quality Vs. cost
- Provide a framework for developing Cost Oriented Unit Tests™
- Cost oriented cloud computing standard approval
Call to action:
Currently we are spending our time finishing the first alpha version of the product. We are looking for beta users that want to try our tools and provide meaningful feedback. You can register here.
Arnon Rotem-Gal-Oz provided additional details about Cloudoscope – a cost profiler for the cloud and its team on 11/29/2010:
I am very happy to announce that I am joining CodeValue. CodeValue, as our site says, is the home for software experts. Indeed, the company is built of a group of consultants and we provide mentoring and consulting in the areas of architecture, software development and technology. While I am going to be doing some consulting, the main reason for me to join (and my main role – as VP product delivery) is the other business area of the company – building cutting edge products for developers. Which brings me to the topic of this post Cloudoscope(tm) the first in out line of products.
Cloud computing brings the era of consumption based pricing and promisses to transform computing to a utility like electricity, water etc. The pay-as-you go model brings elasticity and cost savings since, for example, you don’t need to stock computing power for peak loads. When the need arise you can just add more instances etc. etc.
Cloud computing also means that your cost structure change for example on Windows Azure a service bus connection would cost you between 2$ and 4$ (500 connection @995$, 1@ 3.99$ as mentioned here) – it is easy to see how many connections you use, but how many connections do you really need?; Another example an Amazon RDS (which gives you MySQL capabilities) extra large (high memory) reserve instance will cost you $1325 (1-year) + $0.262 per hour + $0.1 Gb/month + $0.1 per million requests. On the other hand an extra large high memory EC2 instance (on which you can install mySQL) will cost you $1325 (1-year) + $01.17 per hour (plus you need to figure how to persist the data) – what will be cheaper based on your usage scenario?; partial compute hours are billed as full hours, booting a new instance takes a few minutes, if your instance is idle and based on the way your system is used what’s cheaper shutting the instance down (delete the deployment in azure) or leaving it running?
Cloudoscope is our effort to try to get these types of questions answered and put you in control of your total cost of ownership. Here are some of the features we’re looking at (from Alon Fliess CodeValue’s CTO blog):
- Provide correlation between code and cost
- Cut total cost of ownership and save money
- Show the cost of each function and relevant line of code
- Show the cost of business requests
- Show cost improvement or degradation after a code change
- Provide optimization advices
- Provide guidance to Cost Oriented Development™
- Help trading service quality Vs. cost
- Provide a framework for developing Cost Oriented Unit Tests™
- Cost oriented cloud computing standard approval
We’ve got some top notch tallent working on this starting with Alon Fliess, whom I already mentioned), Oren Eini (a.k.a. Ayende), Daniel Petri as well as the rest of the CodeValue team. We’re rapidly approaching the alpha stage, and we’re already looking forward and seeking beta testers and beta sites. If you are moving your solution into the cloud, like to try out our tools and willing to provide meaningful feedback, please register at our site or drop me a note.
Cloudoscope gains credability in my book by having Ayende on the team.
Eric G. Troup reported Service Delivery Broker Catalyst Demonstrates the 4th Cloud Layer with Windows Azure and SQL Azure on 11/28/2010:
Microsoft and Portugal Telecom SAPO collaborated on and demonstrated the TM Forum Service Delivery Broker Catalyst for Management World Americas held in Orlando, Florida 9-11 November 2010.
The Service Delivery Broker Catalyst was originally intended to test and validate the work of the TM Forum Software Enabled Services Management Solution (formerly known as the Service Delivery Framework), applicable parts of the TM Forum Frameworx, and certain other industry standards through a multi-company (SaaS) platform supplemented by a Service Delivery Broker and service lifecycle management governance system.
PT SAPO built up their all Microsoft technology based SDB to its current level of functionality over a four year period. Today, the on-premises private cloud implementation provides production support for PT SAPO Web, MEO IPTV (Mediaroom), and PT TMN Mobile subscribers. For purposes of this catalyst, PT SAPO ported the entire SDB and its supporting systems to Windows Azure and SQL Azure and demonstrated ten “Business Models as a Service” that could be associated with any new offer. Remarkably, this was done by four developers in only two months.
Today there are generally three recognized layers to the cloud:
- SaaS
- PaaS
- IaaS
The Service Delivery Broker actually sits on top of the SaaS layer. It could be thought of as an emerging “fourth layer” to the cloud that provides a governance model and prescriptive guidance for the service architect and service designer. The SDB enables the creation of manageable services and facilitates end-to-end service management. The SDB adds these additional key functions:
- A product / service development environment that enables cost-effective and standardized service delivery across all service lifecycle phases (concept, design, deploy, operation and retirement).
- A common runtime SDB that provides efficient instrumented access to common services and service enablers.
With the porting of the SDB to Windows Azure, the SDB can be deployed as “SDB as a Service” either on-premise, on Windows Azure, or in a flexible, hybrid cloud mode.
For the Catalyst, the developer environment added a standard way for the service designer to add TM Forum SES Service Management Interfaces (SMI) to any individual service enabler or service mashup. The presence of the SMI facilitates end-to-end management and enables the rapid monetization of new services.
Core Catalyst Project Values identified include:
- Cloud Service Providers interested in practical experience and best practices concerning implementing SES concepts within their own hosted service offerings.
- Architects interested in gaining a better perspective on architectural approaches and knowing more details about architectural decisions when designing and implementing new product offers leveraging cloud resources.
- Service Designers interested in the unified user interface and how to implement prescriptive guidance for service templates.
- Managers interested in implementing new business models and opportunities;
- Operations interested in real-time statistics and reports that ultimately permit visibility into what drives Customer Satisfaction and operational expenses.
Microsoft and Portugal Telecom SAPO collaborated on and demonstrated the TM Forum Service Delivery Broker Catalyst for 
Eric is a Senior Principal Architect at Microsoft serving the telecommunications industry.
Rob Tiffany (@RobTiffany) continued his Windows Phone 7 Line of Business App Dev :: Improving the In-Memory Database series on 11/28/2010:
About a month ago, I wrote an article intended to help you fill some of the gaps left by the missing SQL Server Compact database. Since your Windows Phone 7 Silverlight app is consuming an ObservableCollection of objects streaming down from Windows Azure and SQL Azure, it makes sense to organize those objects in a database-like format that’s easy to work with. If you’ve ever worked with Remote Data Access (RDA) in the past, the notion of pre-fetching multiple tables to work with locally should look familiar.
If you’re wondering why I have you cache everything in memory in a Singleton, there’s a few reasons. For starters, it makes it easy to query everything with LINQ with the fastest performance possible for single and multi-table JOINs. Secondly, I don’t represent a Microsoft product group and therefore wouldn’t engineer an unsupported provider that can query subsets of serialized data from files residing in Isolated Storage. Finally, I don’t want you to accidentally find yourself with multiple instances of the same ObservableCollection when pulling data down from Azure or loading it from Isolated Storage. Forcing everything into a Singleton prevents you wasting memory or updating objects in the wrong instance of an ObservableCollection. An inconsistent database is not a good thing. Don’t worry, you can control which tables are loaded into memory.
So what is this article all about and what are the “improvements” I’m talking about?
This time around, I’m going to focus on saving, loading and deleting the serialized ObservableCollections from Isolated Storage. In that last article, I showed you how to serialize/de-serialize the ObservableCollections to and from Isolated Storage using the XmlSerializer. This made it easy for you to save each table to its own XML file which sounds pretty cool.
So what’s wrong with this?
Saving anything as XML means that you’re using the largest, most verbose form of serialization. After hearing me preach about the virtues of doing SOA with WCF REST + JSON, using the XmlSerializer probably seems out of place. Luckily, the DataContractJsonSerializer supported by Silverlight on Windows Phone 7 gives you the most efficient wire protocol for data-in-transit can also be used to save those same .NET objects to Isolated Storage. So the first improvement in this article comes from shrinking the size of the tables and improving the efficiency of the serialization/de-serializing operations to Isolated Storage using out-of-the-box functionality.
While going from XML to JSON for your serializing might be good enough, there’s another improvement in the way you write the code that will make this much easier to implement for your own projects. A look back to the previous article reveals a tight coupling between the tables that needed to be saved/loaded and the code needed to make that happen. This meant that you would have to create a SaveTable and LoadTable method for each table that you wanted to retrieve from Azure. The new code you’re about to see is generic and allows you to use a single SaveTable and LoadTable method even if you decide to download 100 tables.
Enough talk already, let’s see some code. Launch your ContosoCloud solution in Visual Studio and open Database.cs. I want you to overwrite the existing code with the code shown below:
About a month ago, I wrote an article intended to help you fill some of the gaps left by the missing SQL Server Compact database. Since your Windows Phone 7 Silverlight app is consuming an ObservableCollection of objects streaming down from Windows Azure and SQL Azure, it makes sense to organize those objects in a database-like format that’s easy to work with. If you’ve ever worked with Remote Data Access (RDA) in the past, the notion of pre-fetching multiple tables to work with locally should look familiar. 
If you’re wondering why I have you cache everything in memory in a Singleton, there’s a few reasons. For starters, it makes it easy to query everything with LINQ with the fastest performance possible for single and multi-table JOINs. Secondly, I don’t represent a Microsoft product group and therefore wouldn’t engineer an unsupported provider that can query subsets of serialized data from files residing in Isolated Storage. Finally, I don’t want you to accidentally find yourself with multiple instances of the same ObservableCollection when pulling data down from Azure or loading it from Isolated Storage. Forcing everything into a Singleton prevents you wasting memory or updating objects in the wrong instance of an ObservableCollection. An inconsistent database is not a good thing. Don’t worry, you can control which tables are loaded into memory.[~100 lines of C# source code elided for brevity.]
Looking from top to bottom, the first change you’ll notice is the new SaveTable method where you pass in the desired ObservableCollection and table name in order to serialize it as JSON using the DataContractJsonSerializer. The next method down the list is LoadTable where you pass in the same parameters as SaveTable but you get back a de-serialized ObservableCollection. The last new method in the Database Singleton is DropTable which simply deletes the serialized table from Isolated Storage if you don’t need it anymore.
So how do you call this code?
Bring up MainPage.xaml.cs, and find the click event for Save button. Delete the existing XmlSerializer code and replace it with the following:
try
{
Database.Instance.SaveTable<ObservableCollection<Customer>>(Database.Instance.Customers, "Customers");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}The code above shows you how to call the SaveTable method in the Singleton with the appropriate syntax to pass in the ObservableCollection type as well as actual ObservableCollection value and name.
Now find the click event for the Load button, delete the existing code and paste in the following:
try
{
Database.Instance.Customers = Database.Instance.LoadTable<ObservableCollection<Customer>>(Database.Instance.Customers, "Customers");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}This code looks pretty much the same as the SaveTable code except that you set Database.Instance.Customers equal to the return value from the method. For completeness sake, drop another button on MainPage.xaml and call it Drop. In its click event, paste in the following code:
try
{
Database.Instance.DropTable("Customers");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}For this code, just pass in the name of the table you want to delete from Isolated Storage and it’s gone.
It’s time to hit F5 so you can see how things behave.
When your app comes to life in the emulator, I want you to exercise the system by Getting, Adding, Updating and Deleting Customers. In between, I want you to tap the Save button, close the app, reload the app and tap the Load button and then View Customers to ensure you’re seeing the list of Customers you expect. Keep in mind that when you Save, you overwrite the previously saved table. Likewise, when you Load, you overwrite the current in-memory ObservableCollection. Additionally, Saving, Loading, and Dropping tables that don’t exist should throw an appropriate error message.
So what’s the big takeaway for these tweaks I’ve made to the in-memory database?
While switching serialization from XML to JSON is a great improvement in size and efficiency, I truly believe that making the SaveTable and LoadTable methods generic and reusable will boost developer productivity. The new ease with which you can Save and Load 1, 10 or even 1,000 tables makes this more attractive to mobile developers that need to work with local data.
So where do we go from here?
You now have some of the basic elements of a database on Windows Phone 7. You don’t have ACID support, indexes, stored procedures or triggers but you have a foundation to build on. So what should be built next?
To help ensure database consistency, I would add an AutoFlush feature next. SQL Server Compact flushes its data to disk every 10 seconds and there’s nothing to prevent you from using the SaveTable method to do the same. A timer set to fire at a user-specified interval that iterates through all the ObservableCollections and saves them will help keep your data safe from battery loss and unforeseen system failures. The fact that your app can be tombstoned at any moment when a user taps the Back button makes an AutoFlush feature even more important.
Anything else?
At the beginning of this article I mentioned RDA which is a simple form of data synchronization. It’s simple because it only tracks changes on the client but not the server. To find out what’s new or changed on the server, RDA requires local tables on the device to be dropped and then re-downloaded from SQL Server. With the system I’ve built and described throughout this series of articles, we already have this brute force functionality. So what’s missing is client-side change tracking. To do this, I would need to add code that fires during INSERTS, UPDATES, and DELETES and then writes the appropriate information to local tracking tables. To push those changes back to SQL Azure, appropriate code would need to call WCF REST + JSON Services that execute DML code on Windows Azure.
I hope with the improvements I’ve made to the in-memory database in this article, you’ll feel even more empowered to build occasionally-connected Windows Phone 7 solutions for consumers and the enterprise.
Keep coding!
Rob is an Architect at Microsoft who’s currently writing an adventure novel that takes place under the sea.
Rob Tiffany (@RobTiffany) posted Windows Phone 7 Line of Business App Dev :: Network Awareness on 11/28/2010:
This is no way to treat your prospective user-base because mobile apps should never diminish the user experience by trying to send or receive data in the absence of network connectivity.
Luckily, Silverlight on Windows Phone 7 provides you with a way to determine network connectivity.
Launch Visual Studio 2010 and load the ContosoCloud solution that we’ve been working with over the last four Windows Phone 7 Line of Business App Dev articles. First, I want you to drag an Ellipse from the Toolbox and drop it on MainPage.xaml. Name that control ellipseNet. Next, I want you to drag a TextBlock control over and drop it beneath the Ellipse. Name this control textBlockNet. Now open MainPage.xaml.cs so we can write some code.
Above the ContosoPhone namespace I want you to add:
using Microsoft.Phone.Net.NetworkInformation;
This allows you to tap into the NetworkInterface class. The next line of code I want you to add may seem a little confusing since it’s similar, yet different from Microsoft.Phone.Net.NetworkInformation. Inside the MainPage() constructor, beneath InitializeComponent();, add the following code to create an event handler:
System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkChange.NetworkAddressChanged += new System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkAddressChangedEventHandler(NetworkChange_NetworkAddressChanged);
This is the standard, cross-platform Silverlight way to create an event handler that tells you when your network address has changed. I wrote it out the long-way because it collides with the phone-specific NetworkInformation class. Don’t ask.
Underneath the line of code above, add the following:
NetworkStateMachine();
This is going to call a method you haven’t created yet.
Inside your MainPage class, the event handler your just created will appear:
void NetworkChange_NetworkAddressChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
NetworkStateMachine();
}As you can see, I want you to add the NetworkStateMachine(); line of code inside the event handler to execute this mysterious function. By now you’re probably saying, “Enough of the suspense already!” Below the event handler, paste in the following code:
private void NetworkStateMachine()
{
try
{
switch (NetworkInterface.NetworkInterfaceType)
{
//No Network
case NetworkInterfaceType.None:
ellipseNet.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Red);
textBlockNet.Text = "No Network";
break;
//CDMA Network
case NetworkInterfaceType.MobileBroadbandCdma:
ellipseNet.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Blue);
textBlockNet.Text = "CDMA";
break;
//GSM Network
case NetworkInterfaceType.MobileBroadbandGsm:
ellipseNet.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Blue);
textBlockNet.Text = "GSM";
break;
//Wi-Fi Network
case NetworkInterfaceType.Wireless80211:
ellipseNet.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Green);
textBlockNet.Text = "Wi-Fi";
break;
//Ethernet Network
case NetworkInterfaceType.Ethernet:
ellipseNet.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Green);
textBlockNet.Text = "Ethernet";
break;
//No Network
default:
ellipseNet.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Red);
textBlockNet.Text = "No Network";
break;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}The switch statement above creates a state machine for your mobile application that lets it know what type of network connection you have at any given moment. Remember for this example, the sample code is running on the UI thread. Since the code is synchronous and blocking, you may want to run it on a background thread.
As you can see, the following network types are returned:
- Wireless80211 (Wi-Fi)
- Ethernet (Docked/LAN)
- MobileBroadbandGSM (GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSDPA/HSPA)
- MobileBroadbandCDMA (1xRTT/EV-DO)
None
As you’re probably thinking, the primary value in this is to know if you have any kind of network or not. Obviously, a return value of None means you shouldn’t make any kind of Web Service call.
Hit F5 in Visual Studio and let’s see what you get in the emulator:
As you can see, the ContosoCloud app detected my laptop’s Wi-Fi connection in the switch statement and therefore gave me a Green Ellipse and a TextBlock that says “Wi-Fi.” Keep in mind that the emulator doesn’t behave the same way as an actual phone so changing my laptop’s networking while the mobile app is running won’t trigger the NetworkChange_NetworkAddressChanged event handler. If you close the app, turn off Wi-Fi on your laptop and then restart the app, it will correctly report that no network is available.
So why would you want to know about all the other network return types?
In working with customers all around the world who use Pocket PCs, Windows Mobile devices and Windows Phones, it has become evident that there is always a “cost” in doing anything over the network. Not everyone has unlimited, “all-you-can-eat” data plans for their employees. Some companies have very low monthly data usage limits for each employee that has been negotiated with one or more mobile operators. For these organizations, it’s not enough to know if the network is present or not. They need to know what kind of network is available so their mobile application can make intelligent decisions.
If I need to download a large amount of data in the morning to allow me to drive my delivery truck route, I probably should only perform this operation over docked Ethernet or Wi-Fi. This gives me the network speed I need to move a lot of data and I don’t incur any costs with my mobile operator.
If I’ve captured small amounts of data in the field that I need to send back to HQ in near real-time, then a return value of MobileBroadbandGSM or MobileBroadbandCDMA is perfect. This would also be appropriate if my app is making lightweight remote method calls via Web Services as well. The use of WCF REST + JSON is probably making a lot of sense now.
If I’ve captured large amounts of data in the field or I’m batching up several data captures throughout the day, it would make more sense to use Ethernet or Wi-Fi when I returned to the warehouse or distribution center. On the other hand, if I have a high enough data usage limit or no limit at all, the MobileBroadbandGSM/CDMA would be fine.
Keep in mind that this guidance is just as valuable for B2C and Consumer apps as well. If you’re building a connected mobile app of any kind, the information I’ve discussed in this article will ensure that you’re always providing a great user experience.
Delighting the end-user is what it’s all about!
Rob Tiffany (@RobTiffany) posted Windows Phone 7 Line of Business App Dev :: Working with an In-Memory Database as what was supposed to be the ending episode in a series of WP7 LoB demos:
I’m going to apologize in advance for not doing the MVVM thing that everyone seems to be into these days and get right to the point. Drag a button on to MainPage.xaml and call it View Customers. While you’re at it, drag a listbox below the button and name it listBoxCustomers. Double-click on this Button and add the following code to the click event:
try
{
if (Database.Instance.Customers != null)
{
listBoxCustomers.DisplayMemberPath = "Name";
listBoxCustomers.ItemsSource = Database.Instance.Customers;
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("The Customer Table is Empty");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}In the simple code above, you set the listbox’s ItemsSource equal to the Customer collection in the Database Singleton and set the DisplayMemberPath property equal to the Name property of the Customer objects.
Hit F5 to start debugging this Windows Phone 7 + Azure solution. As usual, a web page and the emulator will launch. Tap the Get Customers button to pull the Customer data back from the WCF REST service. Next, tap on the View Customers button to display the list of Customers from the in-memory database as shown in the picture below:
Now it’s time to add a new Customer so drop a button underneath the listbox and call it Add Customer. Creating a new Customer object requires setting values for 8 properties. Instead of having you add 8 textboxes to type in the info, I’ll keep in simple and let you add it in code. In the click event of the button, paste in the code you see below:
try
{
if (Database.Instance.Customers != null)
{
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.CustomerId = 5;
customer.DistributionCenterId = 1;
customer.RouteId = 1;
customer.Name = "ABC Corp";
customer.StreetAddress = "555 Market Street";
customer.City = "Seattle";
customer.StateProvince = "WA";
customer.PostalCode = "98987";
Database.Instance.Customers.Add(customer);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}After setting all the properties (Columns), you add the Customer object (Row) to the Customers property (Table), in the Singleton Database. Hit F5, tap the Get Customers button, tap the View Customers button and then tap the Add Customer button. Through the magic of simple data-binding, you should see the new “ABC Corp” show up in the listbox as shown below:
Now that you’ve added a new Customer, it’s time to update it because the president of the company decided to change the name. Drag a new button and drop it underneath the Add Customer button. Call it Update Customer and in it’s click event, paste in the following code:
try
{
if (Database.Instance.Customers != null)
{
foreach (Customer c in Database.Instance.Customers)
{
if (c.Equals((Customer)listBoxCustomers.SelectedItem))
{
c.Name = "XYZ Inc";
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}The code above loops through the Customers ObservableCollection until it finds a match for the item that’s been selected in the listbox. When it finds that match, it updates the Name property to “XYZ Inc” which will automatically update what the user views in the listbox.
Hit F5, tap the Get Customers button, tap the View Customers button and then tap the Add Customer button. Now tap on “ABC Corp” in the listbox to highlight it. Clicking the Update Customer button will change it before your eyes.
It turns out that “XYZ Inc” went out of business because the president was an idiot so you need to delete it. Guess what, you need yet another button beneath the Update Customer button. Call it Delete Customer and in it’s click event, paste in the following code:
try
{
if (Database.Instance.Customers != null)
{
Database.Instance.Customers.Remove((Customer)listBoxCustomers.SelectedItem);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}In the code above, the Customer object that matches the item selected in the listbox is removed from the Customers ObservableCollection. Pretty simple stuff in this case.
To find out for sure, hit F5, tap the Get Customers button, tap the View Customers button and then tap the Add Customer button. Now tap on “ABC Corp” in the listbox to highlight it. Clicking the Update Customer button will change it to “XYZ Inc.” Highlighting “XYZ Inc” and clicking the Delete Customer button will cause this defunct company to disappear as shown below:
Now suppose you only want to display the Customers from Seattle and not the Eastside. A little LINQ will do the trick here. Drag and drop a new button called Seattle next to the Test Uri button and paste the following code in the click event:
if (Database.Instance.Customers != null)
{
IEnumerable<Customer> customers = from customer in Database.Instance.Customers
where customer.DistributionCenterId == 1
select customer;
listBoxCustomers.DisplayMemberPath = "Name";
listBoxCustomers.ItemsSource = customers;
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("The Driver Table is Empty");
}In the code above, I set an IEnumerable<Customer> variable equal to the Customers table where the DistributionCenterId is equal to 1. Since the DistributionCenter #1 serves the Seattle area, I know the listbox will be filled with just Adventure Works LLC and City Power & Light. Start debugging and test it for yourself.
The last thing you need to do with local data is store it offline since you can’t always count on the network being there. Luckily we’ve got Isolated Storage to serialize stuff. In order to work with Isolated Storage, I need you to add using System.IO.IsolatedStorage; at the top of the class. Since in this example I’ll demonstrate XML Serialization of the Customers ObservableCollection, I’ll need you to add a reference to System.Xml.Serialization and then add using System.Xml.Serialization; at the top of the class. With that plumbing in place, let’s write some actual code.
Drag and drop another button called Save next to the Get Customers button and paste the following code in the click event:
if (Database.Instance.Customers != null)
{
using (IsolatedStorageFile store = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication())
{
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = store.CreateFile("Customers.xml"))
{
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(ObservableCollection<Customer>));
serializer.Serialize(stream, Database.Instance.Customers);}
}
}In the code above, you use the combination of IsolatedStorageFile and IsolatedStorageFileStream to write data to Isolated Storage. In this case, you’re going to create an XML file to save the Customers ObservableCollection of Customer objects. Remember back in the 80’s when databases used to save each table as an individual file? I’m thinking of DBase III+, FoxPro, and Paradox at the moment. Anyway, this is exactly what happens here using the power of the XmlSerializer. Feel free to debug and step through the code to ensure that it executes without error.
To complete the picture, you need to be able to retrieve the Customers ObservableCollection from Isolated Storage and work with the data without ever having to call the WCF REST services. Drag and drop one last button called Load next to the View Customers button and paste the following code in the click event:
using (IsolatedStorageFile store = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication())
{
if (store.FileExists("Customers.xml"))
{
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = store.OpenFile("Customers.xml", System.IO.FileMode.Open))
{
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(ObservableCollection<Customer>));
Database.Instance.Customers = (ObservableCollection<Customer>)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
}
}
}The code above does the reverse of the previous Save code by opening the Customers.xml and re-hydrating those objects back into the Customers table using the XmlSerializer. This is pretty cool stuff.
To make it all real, hit F5 to start debugging this completed mobile project. When the app loads, tap the Get Customers button to retrieve the data and then tap View Customers to verify that you can see the data. Now I want you to tap the Save button to serialize the Customers to an XML file in Isolated Storage. Lastly, I want you to tap on the Back button to close the application.
Hit F5 again to fire up the application. This time, I don’t want you to retrieve the data from Azure. Instead, I want you to tap the Load button to de-serialize the Customer objects from XML. Now for the moment of truth. Tap the View Customers button to see if you’re actually working with an offline database. Hopefully, your app will look like the picture below:
Congratulations! You’ve made it to the end of this series of articles on building an occasionally-connected Windows Phone 7 application that works with WCF REST + JSON Services in Windows Azure. Furthermore, you’re now pulling data down from SQL Azure and you’re working with it locally using a simple in-memory database that you built yourself. I’m hoping that you’ll now feel empowered to go build industrial-strength mobile solutions for your own company or your customers.
Keep coding!
Obviously, this isn’t “the end of this series of articles” (see above.)
Rob Tiffany (@RobTiffany) posted Windows Phone 7 Line of Business App Dev :: Consuming an Azure WCF REST + JSON Service in late October 2010 (Rob’s posts are undated):
With the startup configuration complete, the next thing I want you to do is copy Customer.cs from the AzureRestService project to the new ContosoPhone project since you’ll need it to create local Customer objects when you retrieve the data from the WCF call. In this new Customer class you’ll need to change the Namespace to ContosoPhone and remove using System.Web; at the top of the class. In order to support the DataContract() and DataMember() attributes, you’ll need to add a reference to System.Runtime.Serialization in order to get it to compile.
Drag a Button on to your MainPage.xaml and call it Test. Double-click on this Button and add the following WebClient code to the click event:
try
{
WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
Uri uri = new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:48632/service1.svc/getdata?number=8");
webClient.OpenReadCompleted += new OpenReadCompletedEventHandler(OpenReadCompletedTest);
webClient.OpenReadAsync(uri);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}As you can see above, I create a WebClient and a Uri object that points to the local Url presented by the Azure Development Fabric. The port number my be different on your machine so double-check. This is the test REST service from the last article used to prove that you’re calls are making it through. You’ve made this call with your web browser and Windows Phone 7 will call it the same way. Since all calls are asynchronous and the WebClient above created an event handler, copy the following code into the MainPage class and make sure to add using System.IO; at the top:
void OpenReadCompletedTest(object sender, OpenReadCompletedEventArgs e)
{
try
{
StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(e.Result);
MessageBox.Show(reader.ReadToEnd().ToString());
reader.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}In the event handler above, I use the StreamReader to grab the entire XML return value. The fact that I’m using WebClient means that callbacks are run on the UI thread thus relieving you of the need to use the dispatcher to update the UI. This allows you to display the following XML string in the MessageBox:
<string xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">You entered: 8</string>
It’s time to try this thing out so hit F5. If it compiles and everything executes properly, you should see both a web browser pointing to the root of your Azure services as well as your emulator and you can test your services with both. Click the simple Test Button on your Silverlight MainPage and the MessageBox should pop up after the XML result is returned from Azure displaying the answer:
Click the Back button on the Emulator to close your app and close the web browser window to shut down Azure.
Now it’s time to do something a little more ambitious like return the JSON-encoded list of Customers from SQL Azure. Unlike most books and articles on Silverlight and RIA Services that you may have read, I’m not going to return this data and immediately data-bind it to a control. As a long-time mobile and wireless guy that understands intermittent connectivity and the importance of an offline data store, I’m going to have you put this data in a local database first. Since SQL Server Compact is nowhere to be found and I don’t want you going off and using a 3rd party or open source embedded database, I’m going to show you how to create a simple one of your own.
Right-click on your ContosoPhone project and select Add | Class. Name this new class Database.
You’re going to turn this class into a Singleton to create an in-memory database which will ensure that only instance is available. For simplicity’s sake, just copy the code below into the new Database class:
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;namespace ContosoPhone
{
sealed class Database
{
//Declare Instance
private static readonly Database instance = new Database();//Private Constructor
private Database() { }//The entry point into this Database
public static Database Instance
{
get
{
return instance;
}
}//Declare Private Variables
private ObservableCollection<Customer> customerTable = null;//Customer Table
public ObservableCollection<Customer> Customers
{
get { return customerTable; }
set { customerTable = value; }
}
}
}As you can see above, I’ve had you create a sealed class with a private, static, readonly constructor as an entry point following a popular .NET method of implementing a Singleton. The big thing here is the Customers property of type ObservableCollection<Customer>. Since each Customer object is a Row with properties that are Columns, then it’s easy to think of this ObservableCollection of these Customer objects as a Table. You now have the beginnings of a simple, in-memory database with which to store all the Customer objects when they arrive from the Cloud.
Start out by dragging another button on to MainPage.xaml and calling it Get Customers. Double-click on this Button and add the following WebClient code to the click event:
try
{
WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
Uri uri = new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:48632/service1.svc/customers");
webClient.OpenReadCompleted += new OpenReadCompletedEventHandler(OpenReadCompletedCustomers);
webClient.OpenReadAsync(uri);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}You’ll notice that it looks almost identical to the previous WebClient call except this time you’re just adding /customers to the end of service1.svc. The beauty of the UriTemplate is that Microsoft makes it just that easy to call a REST service from WCF. Since the above code created an event handler, paste this following code into the MainPage class to handle the callback:
void OpenReadCompletedCustomers(object sender, OpenReadCompletedEventArgs e)
{
DataContractJsonSerializer ser = null;try
{
ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(ObservableCollection<Customer>));
Database.Instance.Customers = ser.ReadObject(e.Result) as ObservableCollection<Customer>;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}You’ll immediately see a bunch of squiggly lines telling you something is missing. Add a reference to System.Servicemodel.Web and then add using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; at the top in order to fix the problems with DataContractJsonSerializer. Next add using System.Collections.ObjectModel; at the top to fix the ObservableCollection squigglies. Give your solution a quick Rebuild to ensure that everything compiles.
In analyzing the new code I just had you add, you’ll notice the use of DataContractJsonSerializer which in this case is used to de-serialize JSON-encoded Customer objects that are downloading over the air. It does this by casting them as ObservableCollection<Customer> which works because I had you copy that class from the AzureRestService project. In a world of right-clicking to add a Service/Web Reference to consume SOAP web services, you never had to know what was going on under the covers to create an easy to use proxy. You also never saw Visual Studio create hidden classes that looked just like the ones found on the server side so your client would have something to work with and so that intellisense worked.
The last important line of code you see is setting the Customers table of your in-memory database equal to the de-serialization of the OpenReadCompletedEventArgs. I think we’re ready to try out this code. If all goes well, you’ll have a bunch of downloaded Customer data stored in an in-memory database on Windows Phone 7.
Set a breakpoint at the declaration of the DataContractJsonSerializer, hit F5, and click the Get Customers button!
Success looks like the picture above! I hovered my mouse over Database.Instance.Customers and revealed that I was now storing Customers with Cities, CustomerId’s, PostalCodes, RouteId’s and StateProvinces for all to see in Visual Studio’s amazing debugger.
You are now consuming wireless-friendly WCF REST + JSON Services from both Windows Server and Windows Azure with data coming from SQL Server/SQL Azure. Windows Phone 7 is connected to tiny, fast, efficient services designed to thrive in unreliable/slow wireless coverage. You now know how to serialize/de-serialize .NET objects as JSON and you’ve also created your own in-memory database.
So what’s next? In my next article, I’ll show you how to query this new in-memory database using LINQ and I’ll show you how to save the data in your local tables to Isolated Storage so you can keep using your apps even when the network has disappeared.
Keep coding and I’ll see everyone at Tech Ed in Berlin!
Aron Hall (@adronbh) started seeking help on 10/19/2010 for a Windows Phone 7 Cloud Admin for Windows Azure and Amazon Web Services (AWS) project on CodePlex (missed when posted):
Project Description
This project is setup to build an administration application for Windows Phone 7 to help users of Windows Azure and Amazon Web Services Administer their Cloud Applications.
Current Efforts and Progress
- If anyone is interested please contact me http://www.codeplex.com/site/users/view/adron or leave a comment here: http://compositecode.com/2010/10/19/wp7-aws-azure/ (If you leave private info I'll take it out before accepting the comment via moderation).
Goals of this Project:
- User can administer the basic services in their cloud account.
- User can view overview/dashboard around Amazon Web Services (AWS).
- User can view overview/dashboard functionality around Windows Azure.
- User can increase or decrease the instances within a Web Role, CGI Role, or Services Role within a Windows Azure Account.
- User can increase or decrease the EC2 instances within a Amazon Web Services (AWS) Account.
The core technologies in this application are as follows:
This project is setup to build an administration application for Windows Phone 7 to help users of Windows Azure and Amazon Web Services Administer their Cloud Applications.
See Mark Wilson explained Azure AppFabric’s role in easyJet’s journey into the clouds in the Live Windows Azure Apps, APIs, Tools and Test Harnesses section above.
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Visual Studio LightSwitch
Bill Zack offered his introduction to Visual Studio LightSwitch – New .NET Development Paradigm in an 11/19/2010 post to his Ignition Showcase blog (missed when posted):
This post will be covering a new tool from Microsoft, Visual Studio LightSwitch, currently in Beta.
We will be talking specifically about:
- What it is
- Why it is a very significant development
- Why you as an Independent Software Vendor should care
Windows Azure LightSwitch [*] is one of the most significant development products to come out of Microsoft in a long time.
The .NET platform is an extremely rich, powerful and deep development platform. The very richness of the platform has created criticism in some areas. Many developers new to .NET have been faced with a steep learning curve. Many developers creating new applications (such as simple forms over data applications) have also felt strongly that developing these applications should be a lot simpler than it is.
LightSwitch combines the ease reminiscent of Access development with the sophistication of being able to customize those applications using standard .NET tools and techniques if those applications need to do things not directly supported by LightSwitch.
Via a wizard driven process you can create a forms over data application with a two or three tier architecture, choosing a user interface selected from one of several pre-defined UI templates. When you do that a standard .NET Solution is generated such that it can be enhanced via normal .NET development techniques if the generated solution does not do exactly what you want.
When you use LightSwitch to generate an application it automatically bakes in the use of proven design patterns (such as MVVM) and the use of proven .NET components such as Silverlight and RIA Services. Because it is base on a data provider model it also supports easy connection to a myriad of data sources including SQL Server, SQL Azure, web services as well as other data sources. In fact we expect a rich ecosystem of 3rd party add-ins to be developed to extend the product. As one example Infragistics provides a touch-enabled UI template to easily touch-enable a generated application.
Two very impressive features of LightSwitch are:
1. The ability to change your mind after development and generate a solution for a different deployment platform. For instance you can generate and deploy a desktop applications and then,by changing a parameter, regenerate it as a browser or Windows Azure application. Yes, even the cloud has been incorporated and baked into its design.
2. The ability to let you customize the user interface of the application while it is still running and see the results of the change immediately. In a way this is like Visual Studio Edit and Continue on steroids!
Currently the tool is in beta so download it, try it out, give the development team your feedback and help us to shape the product.
For more details see Jason Zander’s blog post, this video of a talk that he gave at VSLive and visit the LightSwitch web site for more details, how-to videos and to download the Beta.
This post will be covering a new tool from Microsoft, Visual Studio LightSwitch, currently in Beta. 
[*] The official SKU is “Visual Studio LightSwitch.”
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Windows Azure Infrastructure
Adron Hall (@adronbh) continued his Cloud Throw-Down series between Windows Azure and Amazon Web Services with Cloud Throw Down: Part 4 – Perspectives on PaaS of 11/29/2010:
Alright, time for the battle o’ clouds to roll on. In this throw down I’m going to compare platforms from the infrastructure and platform perspective. Windows Azure takes a very distinctive, and unique, Platform as a Service (PaaS) model and Amazon Web Services takes a very Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model. Each of these things start at different architectural levels for applications and provide different architectural perspectives. Before jumping into the comparison let’s take a look at what a developer, IT, or network specialist has to consider when building and deploying an application into either environment. I’ve highlighted the following steps to the specific profession that each model would most likely involve.
PaaS, Platform as a Service development and deployment model
Steps to Begin Building a Web Application or Service Application
- Start a Project in your preferred development environment.
- Build the code base. (Such as a web application or service application)
- Create the platform web or service role for hosting the web or service application.
- Setup the project deployment with the role parameters.
- Deploy the project to that location.
- Setup an appropriate domain name and point it at the site via nameserver/DNS.
IaaS, Infrastructure as a Service development and deployment model
Steps to Begin Building a Web Application or Service Application
- Start a Project in your preferred development environment.
- Build the code base. (Such as a web application or service application)
- Start the OS Instance of your choice.
- Install and configure the environment for hosting (IIS, Apache, or otherwise).
- Setup the project deployment with the role parameters.
- Deploy the project to that location.
- Setup an IP address or externally accessible addressing for the instance.
- Setup an appropriate domain name and point it at the site via nameserver/DNS.
As one can see there are more steps, and with reason, more costs to IaaS than to PaaS. With IaaS more control and with PaaS less control, but with the lack of control comes lower costs and barriers for entry. This is most likely, as I’ve heard more than a few times, why Microsoft has pushed the PaaS instead of going IaaS.
So how do each play out in offering the Platform as a Service?
First off, I have to point out that Amazon Web Services doesn’t really offer a PaaS. So comparing them directly is almost impossible. In addition, by not offerring a PaaS it sets up AWS at a disadvantage in this realm. But that being the case, there are 3rd Party Software Companies that offer PaaS Solutions for AWS such as Makara and Heroku. In addition there is rumor that AWS may be heading for a PaaS Offering soon.
I’ve fought with this topic in regards to AWS & Azure. It all really comes down to what your point of view is. So that’s how I’m going to score each of the services. I’ll layout a point of view (POV), which will be a simple description of the team that is building the cloud software, what the end goal is from the business in generic terms, then layout what would be a higher or lower cost, and finally which would provide the fastest time to market with the least amount of cost. It’ll be complex on the back end, but I’ll work to lay it out as neatly as I can.
POV: A Small Business, less than 15 people, working toward a website style SaaS Product.
- The team has enough experience and technical skills to develop the product from AWS’s IaaS or Azure PaaS.
- The business wants the product out to market in 3 months.
- The team & business knows which geographic regions they need to focus on specifically.
- The team wants control over instances and has flexibility of server OS, preventing OS lock in. (i.e. they can use Windows or Linux)
- Autoscaling must be robust as traffic is expected, hopefully, to skyrocket as the product becomes recognized and available.
In this situation, AWS wins because of items 1, 2, 3, 4, and especially 5.
POV: A small business, less than 15 people, working toward a website style SaaS Product.
- The team has .NET and Windows deployment experience, but minimal experience around networking, hosting, or infrastructure experience.
- The business wants the product out to market in 3 months.
- The team & business don’t care what geographic region the website is focused in.
- The team doesn’t care about server lock in, Windows is fine by them.
- Autoscaling and controlling traffic bursts isn’t a high priority for the team or business.
In this situation, Azure wins hands down based on 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
POV: An enterprise team wants to create a high quality code base, utilizing SCRUM with test driven development practices.
- The team knows .NET and Java very well and a little bit of networking, hosting, and infrastructure.
- The enterprise wants a steady release cycle of tested, highly reliable code.
- The enterprise isn’t worried about which OS the team uses. Windows or a *nix variant.
- Autoscaling is irrelevant, as long as capacity can be brought up and down in a timely manner to extremely high counts exceeding 1000+ instances.
In this situation, AWS wins hands down on 1, 2, 3, and 4.
POV: An enterprise team wants to deploy regularly, maintain their existing .NET stack, and utilize existing SDKs to keep the ramp up time minimal.
- The team wants to use a familiar stack based on .NET and use SDKs if available.
- The team isn’t concerned heavily with testable code, mostly just have a framework to build around that is familiar.
- The business just wants the team to maintain familiarity with what exists in the company already.
- The team wants to provide a single sign on (SSO) security implementation, using the cloud if possible.
In this situation, Azure wins easily for reasons 1, 2, 3, and 4.
POV: A Development team is putting together a public facing SaaS application.
- The team wants to use whatever product has the best price point.
- The team wants a strong enterprise style message bus to provide application messaging.
- The business wants to deploy frequently and as soon as possible.
- The team doesn’t care if the code is PHP, Java, .NET, or otherwise.
- The team will create high quality code, and will build their own testing mocks, stubs, and other elements if need be.
- The team doesn’t intend to use the SDKs from either AWS or Windows Azure, they want to keep lock in minimal so are building to services using good design patterns.
This situation is unique, and causes a tie between Azure and AWS for reasons 1 and 2 combined, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Windows Azure
Based on these scorings, things might be a little confusing. I’ll elaborate a bit on some key points in the next entry on AWS vs. Azure. For now, I’m going to hand the victory to Windows Azure. The reason is simple, the PaaS perspective, in a little more than 50% of situation where PaaS or IaaS can be used should go with Windows Azure. In situations where a PaaS is desired then Windows Azure is pretty much the only serious option out there these days. Simply, Windows Azure just offers a ton of really serious features via cloud services for a PaaS offering. Stay tuned for the next grand battle between the cloud giants!
Alright, time for the battle o’ clouds to roll on. In this throw down I’m going to compare platforms from the infrastructure and platform perspective. Windows Azure takes a very distinctive, and unique, Platform as a Service (PaaS) model and Amazon Web Services takes a very Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model. Each of these things start at different architectural levels for applications and provide different architectural perspectives. Before jumping into the comparison let’s take a look at what a developer, IT, or network specialist has to consider when building and deploying an application into either environment. I’ve highlighted the following steps to the specific profession that each model would most likely involve.Phil Fersht continued his Cloud series with The Industry Speaks about Cloud, Part III: business and IT finally agree – IT must tool-up to enable cloud business services on 11/29/2010:
Savvy CIOs are developing themselves into Cloud-enablers by honing their sourcing and service integration skills. Our Cloud Business Services study, conducted in conjunction with the Outsourcing Unit at the London School of Economics, contrasts many differing views and expectations from business and IT executives about Cloud business services… however, both sides do agree on one thing—the crucial enablement role that IT executives must adopt to provision Cloud business services.
While business execs are more gung-ho on Cloud than their risk-averse IT counterparts, both sides agree on who should enable this – it’s going to be IT. The survey reveals that 42 per-cent of business respondents expect to rely extentively on their own in-house IT function to implement a move to the Cloud:
Click to enlarge
The bottom-line: Cloud business services creates a massive opportunity for the IT department to realign itself to the business
HfS sees the future of the inhouse IT as being the conduit between the business and the providers delivering Cloud business services. The successful IT executives will be those who develop governance expertise in sourcing and service integration to make Cloud a reality.
Business stakeholders want Cloud and they know savvy CIOs can mitigate its risks. However, HfS believes IT professionals must tool-up to deliver cloud to their business stakeholders, otherwise risk a gap growing between business demand and IT supply. Tooling-up for the Cloud calls on CIOs to develop new internal skills and to embrace third-party expertise to accelerate the sourcing of Cloud services. Security, compliance and integration are huge issues that predicate success with Cloud, as our survey will reveal when released later this week. Running due diligence on service provoders is critical to ensure any potential cracks in service delivery don’t cataclysmically impact performance. Stay tuned for more.
Derrick Harris reported about Clouds and GPUs: The Future of HPC in an 11/28/2010 post:
After last week’s cloud- and GPU-heavy Supercomputing conference, it’s fair to ask whether high-performance computing will ever look the same. The cloud provides on-demand (and sometimes free) resources that organizations requiring HPC resources have never had access to before without buying their own clusters. GPUs are everywhere and proving adept at seriously boosting performance for certain types of code. As I discuss in my Weekly Update at GigaOM Pro, it seems likely that HPC architectures of the future might be a lot more virtual and a lot less CPU-centric.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's GPU-powered Edge cluster.
Think about it: Even without AWS Cluster Compute and GPU Instances, certain scientists were starting to use the cloud fairly heavily for certain tasks. Cluster Compute Instances upped the ante by introducing Intel Nehalem processors and a high-throughput, low-latency 10 GbE network. In the latest Top500 supercomputer list, AWS’s Cluster Compute Instances infrastructure ranked No. 231. GPU Instances utilize the same infrastructure, but add two Nvidia Tesla M2050 GPUs into the mix.
Even if HPC users don’t embrace cloud computing as heavily as I suspect, there can be little doubt they’ll embrace new GPU-powered architectures. In a field obsessed with speed, GPUs can seriously accelerate performance for massively parallel, multi-threaded workloads, as evidenced by their increasing prominence in leading supercomputers and mainstream servers.
I’m not an HPC analyst, but I have some idea how that industry functions. Performance sells, even if it comes at a price. In part, this is because high performance hasn’t previously been available without fairly significant cost. Cloud computing and GPUs change this. Now, HPC users can fully embrace the cloud value proposition of spending a lot less on IT and a lot more on doing business. I think the economics will be too good to pass up.
Read the full post here.
Related content from GigaOM Pro (sub req’d):
After last week’s cloud- and GPU-heavy <Return to section navigation list>
Windows Azure Platform Appliance (WAPA) and Hyper-V Cloud
Chris Czarnecki described Public Awareness of Private Clouds in this 11/28/2010 post to the Learning Tree blog:
Yesterday, I flew from London Heathrow to New York. On arriving at Heathrow’s Terminal 5 I was surprised but pleased to see floor to ceiling advertising banners running the length of the terminal decorated with the text “Your Journey to the Private Cloud begins here”. The adverts have been placed by EMC.
As somebody who has been leveraging the cloud and consults on Cloud Computing, seeing such a public positive message on Cloud Computing was refreshing. EMC have, over the last five years been moving over to a private cloud. In doing so they have saved, over the five years, $104.5 in capital expenditure energy and space saving costs. Storage utilisation has increased from 68%-80% and IT has saved 1.5 petabytes of storage capacity. The experience EMC have gained and the impressive transformation of their IT has put EMC in a great position to help organisations achieve similar transformations. A private cloud is a better, more logical way for an organisation to manage its IT resources and services and for the business to consume these. Implemented correctly, a private cloud positions IT as a flexible pool of resources that can be utilised as and when required by the business. Private clouds also address a lot of the security and governance concerns raised when Cloud Computing is discussed.
Deciding if a private cloud is suitable for an organisation is not a simple decision. The technical and business aspects need to be considered as well as the existing infrastructure, staff skill sets and future IT requirements. Undertaking research on Cloud Computing to determine its viability for your organisation can be a time consuming process and one that can result in an incomplete picture being built. To enable organisations to fast track this research process and to ensure all the major factors are correctly understood, Learning Tree has developed a course that provides attendees with the key information and skills in three intensive hands-on days. Why not attend and join EMC as an organisation that is benefitting from Cloud Computing.
Yesterday, I flew from London Heathrow to New York. On arriving at Heathrow’s Terminal 5 I was surprised but pleased to see floor to ceiling advertising banners running the length of the terminal decorated with the text “Your Journey to the Private Cloud begins here”. The adverts have been placed by EMC. 
As somebody who has been leveraging the cloud and consults on Cloud Computing, seeing such a public positive message on Cloud Computing was refreshing. EMC have, over the last five years been moving over to a private cloud. In doing so they have saved, over the five years, $104.5 in capital expenditure energy and space saving costs. Storage utilisation has increased from 68%-80% and IT has saved 1.5 petabytes of storage capacity. The experience EMC have gained and the impressive transformation of their IT has put EMC in a great position to help organisations achieve similar transformations. A private cloud is a better, more logical way for an organisation to manage its IT resources and services and for the business to consume these. Implemented correctly, a private cloud positions IT as a flexible pool of resources that can be utilised as and when required by the business. Private clouds also address a lot of the security and governance concerns raised when Cloud Computing is discussed.
Deciding if a private cloud is suitable for an organisation is not a simple decision. The technical and business aspects need to be considered as well as the existing infrastructure, staff skill sets and future IT requirements. Undertaking research on Cloud Computing to determine its viability for your organisation can be a time consuming process and one that can result in an incomplete picture being built. To enable organisations to fast track this research process and to ensure all the major factors are correctly understood, Learning Tree has developed a Phil Wainwright [pictured below] explained why organizations will “running hybrid on-premise and cloud environments for a good many years yet” in this 00:07:12 Why Cloud Apps Must Co-Exist With On-Premise podcast:
Listen to the second part of my conversation with Bruce Richardson, chief strategy officer at enterprise application vendor Infor, and former head of research at analyst firm AMR. In part one, we discussed Why Enterprises Move ERP to the Cloud.
In this podcast, learn about some of the advantages of SaaS for enterprise applications and find out why most companies nevertheless are going to be running hybrid on-premise and cloud environments for a good many years yet.
Listen to or download the 7:12 minute podcast below:
—Transcript—
PW: Before the break, Bruce, we were talking about software as a service and some of the ways in which companies are adopting SaaS. A lot of the talk about moving to the cloud is all about what can go wrong, but I think that perhaps we should focus more on the benefits. Do you see from Infor’s customers what some of the positive elements of moving to the cloud and SaaS actually are?
BR: Sure. Well, I think there’s several. The first one that everyone mentions is the fact that there is no cap-ex, or capital expenditures; that you’re not having to worry about buying a big enough server, or enough storage, or doing the database provisioning or all of that. You don’t have to hire additional IT resources to be able to run that application. Basically, all you need is a browser and a trusted SaaS or cloud provider.
That said, just because you’re running the application on the cloud doesn’t mean that you start running that application tomorrow. The physics of software still apply. You still have to migrate data from one system to another. You still might want to do some business process reengineering, as you’re starting to put the new systems in. There’s still a little bit of training, even though most of the cloud apps are designed to be more consumer-like versus the classic enterprise software, where you look at it and say, ‘Oh my God, this is not Amazon.com or online banking — I’m going to have to have a PhD to figure this stuff out!’
So while there’s the benefits of cap-ex and lower IT cost, I think it’s important to point out that you still have to do the traditional things of implementing software, even if it’s all running in a data center that’s far, far, away.
Right, and particularly when you’re talking about these core business systems, where it’s vital that the processes are properly checked out and are actually doing the jobs that the company needs doing. But I think the example that you were giving earlier — of a company that wanted to deploy financials to subsidiaries where they didn’t necessarily have the staff on-site — that’s a great example of where going SaaS and cloud can really be beneficial, because it can cut your costs a lot. And you’ve also got the standardization, haven’t you, across those sites?
Yes — and the best part is they’re all running on a single system. So, even though it’s six sites, they all look the same, they’re all sharing the same approved vendors, they still have all the business processes that you’re running at corporate. So you do have a harmonized environment and you’re doing it at much lower cost.
And actually one of the things that I think I’ve seen Infor talking about is reporting. I guess having that single instance that everyone is running from means that you can do quite interesting things on the reporting side.
Right. Well, we have a new product that we announced this summer called Infor ION — and it’s hard to describe. We’ve described it as an integration platform, and that doesn’t really describe the architecture or what it supports. But one of the capabilities it has is…
Read the complete article @ The Connected Web
Listen to the second part of my conversation with Bruce Richardson, chief strategy officer at enterprise application vendor 
BruceRichardson2.mp3<Return to section navigation list>
Cloud Security and Governance
The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) issued a Letter to ADIs: Outsourcing and offshoring - Specific considerations when using cloud computing services (ADIs = Authorized Deposit-taking Institutions) on 11/15/2010:
To: ADIs, GIs, LIs (including Friendly Societies)
OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORINGSpecific considerations when using cloud computing services
Although the use of cloud computing1 is not yet widespread in the financial services industry, several APRA-regulated institutions are considering, or already utilising, selected cloud computing based services. Examples of such services include mail (and instant messaging), scheduling (calendar), collaboration (including workflow) applications and CRM solutions. While these applications may seem innocuous, the reality is that they may form an integral part of an institution’s core business processes, including both approval and decision-making, and can be material and critical to the ongoing operations of the institution.
APRA has noted that its regulated institutions do not always recognise the significance of cloud computing initiatives and fail to acknowledge the outsourcing and/or offshoring elements in them. As a consequence, the initiatives are not being subjected to the usual rigour of existing outsourcing and risk management frameworks, and the board and senior management are not fully informed and engaged.
Prudential concerns
Accordingly, APRA wishes to emphasise the need for proper risk and governance processes for all outsourcing and offshoring arrangements, including cloud computing. Key prudential concerns that should be addressed relate to the potential compromise of: a financial institution’s ability to continue operations and meet core obligations, following a loss of cloud computing services; confidentiality and integrity of sensitive (e.g. customer) data/information; and compliance with legislative and prudential requirements.
Additionally, APRA’s ability to fulfil its duties as prudential regulator should not be compromised.
APRA’s prudential regulation
While APRA has no specific prudential requirements in this area, the principles in the following materials are pertinent to cloud computing: Outsourcing: Prudential Standards APS231, GPS231 and LPS231 and Prudential Practice Guide PPG231; Business Continuity: Prudential Standards APS232, GPS222 and LPS 232, Guidance Notes AGN232 and GGN222 and Prudential Practice Guide PPG233; and Management of security risk in information and information technology: Prudential Practice Guide PPG234. Pertinent areas include risk management, resilience and recovery (including offshore IT assets) and service provider management.
Materiality and risk assessments
Regulated institutions are reminded that, under the prudential standards on outsourcing, they are required to consult with APRA prior to entering into any offshoring agreement involving a material business activity. The definition of ‘material’ refers to circumstances where arrangements have the potential, if disrupted, to have a significant impact on the institution’s business operations or its ability to manage risks effectively (refer to the prudential standards on outsourcing for further details).
As part of their consultations with APRA, regulated institutions are expected to provide a comprehensive risk assessment. This would typically include an assessment of the specific arrangements underlying the services offered, the service provider, the location from which the services are to be provided and the criticality and sensitivity of the IT assets involved. APRA would expect the risks to be periodically reassessed in line with the institution’s risk management framework.
In APRA’s view, both materiality and risk assessments necessitate a detailed understanding of the extent and nature of the business processes (including those pertaining to decision-making and support), the technology architecture and the sensitive information (customer or other) impacted by the outsourcing arrangement. APRA has observed that, to date, assessments of cloud computing proposals typically lack sufficient consideration of these factors.
As part of its regular onsite review processes, APRA will continue to examine outsourcing/offshoring arrangements of regulated institutions, including those involving cloud computing, to ensure prudential concerns are adequately addressed.Should you have any questions or comments, please contact Mr David Pegrem, Head of IT Risk, on (02) 9210 3324 or email david.pegrem@apra.gov.au.
Yours sincerely,
Puay Sim
General Manager
Supervisory Support Division
To: ADIs, GIs, LIs (including Friendly Societies)
[1] The term generally describes a delivery model where dedicated or shared IT assets (software, hardware and data/information) are consumed as a service. This can involve the provision of IT assets by a third party located offshore.
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Cloud Computing Events
The Cloud Security Alliance and SearchCompliance.com announced a Cloud Compliance Virtual Event on 12/8/2010:
Seminar information is below, we will be staffing a booth where you can have live chat sessions with experts about the CCSK (Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge) and CSA GRC Stack. Registration is now OPEN for our December 8 live virtual conference! http://searchCompliance.bitpipe.com/data/document.do?res_id=1288185547_209&asrc=COM.
Cloud computing is opening up new areas of management and compliance issues for CIOs, IT managers, auditors and compliance and risk officers.
However, the cloud's boundaries are difficult to define and resources are transparent to users and administrators, which makes the creation and enforcement of controls more difficult than normal system audits. This virtual seminar offers several perspectives from industry leaders on managing risk and compliance in the cloud.On December 8 , join leading information security and compliance educators, ISACA, SearchCompliance.com and SearchSecurity.com, who have teamed up to give you direct access to renowned security and compliance experts, qualified senior IT peers and practical independent advice and best practices on how to define, defend and regulate cloud environments.
Attend this one-day complimentary virtual event and learn how to:
- Securely leverage the extraordinary business benefits of cloud computing
- Protect data and control access to the cloud once it’s in a provider’s hands
- Understand emerging audit guidelines and standards for cloud computing, including SAS 70 Type I and II audits
- Deal with common vendor management issues, such as SLAs, due diligence of the provider partner and maintaining administrative control
- And much more!
Join leading independent experts:
- Keynote Presenter: Dave Cullinane, CISO, VP of eBay -- CSO Magazine’s 2006 Compass Award -- “Visionary Leader of the Security Profession”
- Joseph C. Granneman, CISSP, FBI Infragard, Chicago Electronic Crimes Task Force
- Richard E. Mackey, Jr., Vice President, SystemExperts
- Jeffrey Ritter, Founder and CEO, Waters Edge Consulting
As a valued IT leader and CSA member, we’d like to invite you to join us, the experts and hundreds of your peers. Register here to reserve your spot: http://searchCompliance.bitpipe.com/data/document.do?res_id=1288185547_209&asrc=COM
Seminar information is below, we will be staffing a booth where you can have live chat sessions with experts about the CCSK (Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge) and CSA GRC Stack. Registration is now OPEN for our December 8 live virtual conference! Red Publishing & Events Ltd is pushing Cloud Expo Europe 2011 to be held 2/2 and 2/3/2011 at Barbicam Exhibition Hall 1, London, UK:
An Introduction to Cloud Expo Europe
Cloud Expo Europe is the only European event which is dedicated to all aspects of Cloud Computing, from Cloud in the DataCentre, Storage and Security to Open Source and the Cloud.
In 2009 Cloud Expo Europe brought together some of the Industry's most respected luminaries and key industry leaders such as Google, Amazon, IBM, Red Hat, Cisco, Sun, SugarCRM and many more to present the case for Cloud Computing. In 1 year Cloud Computing has moved forward dramatically and research has shown that by 2012 20% of enterprises will be relying solely on Cloud Computing as a means to running their IT.
In 2011 Cloud Expo Europe will be co-located with Open Source Expo. These two events will enable visitors to arm themselves with the latest information, resources, ideas and examples which they can apply in their own working environment to maximise performance, improve scalability and minimise outlay.
According to many experts, Cloud Computing is changing the way companies will look at how they address cost and scalability, also the models that underpin successful software and hardware companies. In this time of economic uncertainty, can you afford not to attend?
"A fifth of enterprises will hold no IT assets by 2012 as cloud computing and mobile working practices become commonplace." - Gartner January 2010"By 2012, 80 percent of Fortune 1000 companies will pay for some cloud computing service, and 30 percent of them will pay for cloud computing infrastructure" - GartnerOnly by attending a key industry event like Cloud Expo Europe can you fully appreciate the extensive opportunities that Cloud Computing has to offer. Whether you are an end user, an IT professional, a vendor or a re-seller of Cloud infrastructure, applications or Cloud Services, Cloud Expo Europe has something for everyone to take away.
Whether you're an enterprise or small to medium business, come and find out how you can benefit from the Cloud. Register or participate in Cloud Expo Europe 2011 and start unlocking your IT potential.
"Cloud Computing will be as influential as e-business" - Gartner 2008"Cloud Computing is reshaping the IT marketplace." - IDC"IDC expects the cloud adoption trend to be amplified by the current financial situation"" The cloud model offers a much cheaper way for businesses to acquire and use IT . in an economic downturn, the appeal of that cost advantage will be greatly magnified. This advantage is especially important for small and medium businesses, a sector that will be key target in any plan for recovery." - Frank Gens, senior vice president and chief analyst at IDC
Cloud Expo Europe is the only European event which is dedicated to all aspects of Cloud Computing, from Cloud in the DataCentre, Storage and Security to Open Source and the Cloud.Microsoft isn’t in the “industry leaders” group?
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Other Cloud Computing Platforms and Services
David Linthicum posits “From Oracle's cloud computing shopping spree to clouds turning on clouds, 2011 is going to be an interesting year” as a preface to his Oracle to buy Salesforce.com, and other cloud predictions post of 11/29/2010 to InfoWorld’s Cloud Computing blog:
It's the time of the year when all the pundits put out predictions for 2011, and cloud computing will surely remain an interesting space to watch. Certainly, mobile computing will continue to expand, and more enterprises will move into the cloud, but here are my predictions for what else will occur in the cloud in 2011.
Oracle buys Salesforce.com. The two companies seem to be rather chummy lately, and Oracle and Salesforce.com can make some quick money if they combined. Oracle can provide additional channels for Salesforce.com, including its Force.com development platform. Oracle really needs a successful cloud offering to be relevant. The only trouble with this combination is having to take airbrush the "No Software" logo on all the Salesforce.com business cards.
The cloud enables hackers. With the rise of high-end, on-demand supercomputing, those who need CPU power to break encryptions and hack into major players will learn to use clouds to attack other clouds. You can count on a few well-publicized incidents in 2011 where elastic clouds provide the horsepower required to break into government and enterprise systems and carry off other nastiness.
Subscription prices fall sharply. Cloud computing is not always the most cost-effective solution, and many cloud providers are getting pushed out of deals due to high subscription costs. That's why prices are beginning to fall, and I suspect that providers will drop prices by 30 percent by 2012, while at the same time increasing service and reliability.
The U.S. government gets its cloud act together. 2010 was not a stellar year for cloud computing within the government, aside from a few well-publicized deals. However, the General Services Administration (the government's contracting arm) has been working on a few programs such as FedRamp and has awarded new infrastructure cloud deals. Those arrangements should provide the foundation for more cloud computing uptake by the government in 2011. The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), which brought you a widely used definition of cloud computing, will furnish additional guidance and thought leadership in 2011 as well.
It's the time of the year when all the pundits put out predictions for 2011, and cloud computing will surely remain an interesting space to watch. Certainly, mobile computing will continue to expand, and more enterprises will move into the cloud, but here are my predictions for what else will occur in the cloud in 2011.
Oracle buys Salesforce.com. The two companies seem to be rather chummy lately, and Oracle and Salesforce.com can make some quick money if they combined. Oracle can provide additional channels for Salesforce.com, including its Force.com development platform. Oracle really needs a successful cloud offering to be relevant. The only trouble with this combination is having to take airbrush the "No Software" logo on all the Salesforce.com business cards.
The cloud enables hackers. With the rise of high-end, on-demand supercomputing, those who need CPU power to break encryptions and hack into major players will learn to use clouds to attack other clouds. You can count on a few well-publicized incidents in 2011 where elastic clouds provide the horsepower required to break into government and enterprise systems and carry off other nastiness.Derrick Harris explained Why Cloud Computing Sells and NoSQL Is Fading in an 11/25/2010 post to Giga Om’s Structure blog:
Three years ago, I spent a few post-Thanksgiving hours thinking about how vendors were defining their relatively nascent cloud computing efforts. Specifically, I was intrigued by IBM’s Blue Cloud offerings (remember that term?) and the notion that the first product under that banner would be an on-premise, blade-based appliance (which ultimately materialized in the form of IBM CloudBurst). Cloudwashing had yet to reach critical mass, and I wondered whether applying the cloud label to everything was a wise idea. In the meantime, marketers correctly decided it was, but concern over the wisdom of overusing buzzwords hasn’t gone away.
Cloud Is a Winner
To be fair, cloudwashing has proven itself an effective strategy. Even former cloud computing hardliners like myself have come around to the notion that anything delivered via the Internet, promising on-demand resources or simplifying provisioning via self-service can fairly call itself cloud. SaaS, virtualization management, some forms of managed hosting, magazine printing — if you want to call it cloud, have at it. I won’t argue. Nor will investors: In 2009, startups using cloud or SaaS in their business descriptions raised $374.77 million in venture capital, almost twice what they raised in 2007. Since September, Cloudera, RightScale and Joyent raised $65 million by themselves, and during a two-week stretch in November, four cloud-storage startups – Zetta, Nirvanix, Gluster and Scale Computing — combined to close $47 million.
The reason cloudwashing is so effective, I think, is that the cloud works well as an icebreaker. Not only is it a buzzword, but the potential savings in cost and improvements in flexibility are well-known and very real. Calling something a cloud solution will get your foot in the door, then it’s up to the vendor to get into the details of how it actually works. Even if a product doesn’t perfectly fit any given individual or corporate definition of cloud computing, results are, ultimately, all that matters. Call it whatever you want, as long as it works.
Actually, there’s a real risk involved with not invoking the cloud if the term might accurately apply. Particularly for advanced IT products, leading with descriptions of what they actually do can just end up confusing customers or failing to even attract their attention. I’m thinking of companies like Appistry, which experimented with terms like “hive computing” and “application fabric” before settling into its cloud groove, or Cloud.com, which wasn’t getting nearly the attention it deserves under its previous VMOps moniker. You’ll also notice how quickly VMware dropped reference to its Virtual Data Center Operating System.
Cassatt was ahead of its time in selling cloud-like capabilities, but because cloud hadn’t yet caught fire as a marketing tool, the company was left trying to sell its Cross-Virtualization Manager. Companies didn’t really get why they should care about dynamic resource allocation, full-scale automation and intelligent power management. By the time Cassatt began marketing itself as a cloud computing vendor, it was too late. Faced with bankruptcy, the company sold its assets to CA Technologies in May 2009, and is now an integral part of CA’s cloud portfolio.
Is NoSQL the Next Grid Computing?
Cloud computing might be one of those terms that’s so transcendent and so widely understood (even if only in theory) that there’s little risk in using it. Three years in, cloud interest is only climbing. On the other hand, one of cloud computing’s predecessors, grid computing, got pigeonholed early as an IT model only applicable to high-performance computing, and vendors trying to sell more widely applicable grid products were forced to jump marketing ships in a hurry. Some, such as DataSynapse, tried out tongue-twisting terms such as “application virtualization,” “real-time infrastructure” and “dynamic application service management.” When Tibco� bought DataSynapse, it had another term for those products: cloud computing.
The same thing might be happening to NoSQL. CouchDB commercializer CouchOne recently dropped NoSQL from its marketing vocabulary in order to position itself as an ideal data and development platform for mobile applications. According to CouchOne, NoSQL has become so associated with big data that it’s difficult to convince customers that non-relational databases can be used for more-mundane tasks. It’s hard to argue CouchOne’s decision. MarkLogic, technically a NoSQL database, has never used the term and keeps far away from the NoSQL crowd, and it has built a solid business as a content-management database and unstructured data store across the media, government, financial services and general enterprise industries. It’s still really early, but two vendors actively avoiding references to NoSQL might be a sign of things to come, and a sign that not every potential customer thinks their situations meet the definition of Big Data.
Not that there isn’t risk involved with bailing from the NoSQL bandwagon. If NoSQL isn’t the next grid computing, CouchOne might have lost a large number of customers for which the term was just a jumping-off point, common ground on which to start a discussion (although it did tie its horse to another hot area — mobile). If it’s doomed to forever invoke big data, though, other NoSQL vendors had better start considering their options. Maybe they’re fine riding the still-cresting big data wave, or maybe they have other ways to sell their products (hint: leading with distributed key-value database isn’t the best way to spark a conversation outside Silicon Valley). If all else fails, there’s always cloud.
Related content from GigaOM Pro (sub req’d):
To be fair, cloudwashing has proven itself an effective strategy. Even former cloud computing hardliners like myself have come around to the notion that anything delivered via the Internet, promising on-demand resources or simplifying provisioning via self-service can fairly call itself cloud. SaaS, virtualization management, some forms of managed hosting, magazine printing — if you want to call it cloud, have at it. I won’t argue. Nor will investors: In 2009, startups using cloud or SaaS in their business descriptions <Return to section navigation list>
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